未足月胎膜早破发生的风险因素分析
目的 分析未足月胎膜早破发生的风险因素。方法 选取2015年7月~2017年2月在我院行产检的未足月胎膜早破患者105例作为研究组,另选取同期未发生胎膜早破的健康孕妇100例作为对照组,比较两组的一般临床资料、白介素-6(IL-6)、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、平均血小板容积(MPV)及降钙素原(PCT),采用Logistic回归分析未足月胎膜早破发生的影响因素,并采用森林图显示各个指标效应大小。结果 与对照组比较,研究组的IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CRP、MVP和PCT均显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素回归分析结果显示,外周血IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CRP、MVP及PCT的水平与未足月胎膜早破的发生有显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论 外周血IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CRP、MVP和PCT可用于预测未足月胎膜早破的风险,具有一定的临床诊断价值。
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the risk factors of preterm premature rupture of membranes(PPROM). Methods A total of 105 PPROM patients who were examined in our hospital from July 2015 to February 2017 were selected as the study group. Meanwhile, 100 healthy pregnant women without premature rupture of membranes during the same period were chosen as the control group. The general clinical data, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), mean platelet volume (MPV), and procalcitonin (PCT) were compared in the two groups. The Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting PPROM and the strengthen of effect of each index was demonstrated using the forest map. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CRP, MVP, and PCT were all significantly increased in the study group, with a statistical difference (P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CRP, MVP and PCT in peripheral blood were significantly associated with the occurrence of PPROM, with a statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CRP,MVP and PCT in peripheral blood can be used to predict the risk of PPROM, which has certain clinical diagnostic value.
[Key words] Preterm premature rupture of membrane; Risk model establishment; Interleukin; C-reactive protein
未足月胎膜早破(preterm premature rupture of membranes,PPROM)是指女性在妊娠6.3,同时宫颈口可见有透明液体流出;②患者知情并同意;③经医院医学伦理委员会审批通过。排除标准:①妊娠期高血压患者;②多胎妊娠患者;③全身感染性疾病;④免疫系统疾病患者;⑤糖尿病、高血压患者;⑥严重心功能不全患者;⑦严重肝肾疾病患者。1.2研究方法
抽取孕妇的肘静脉血液5 ml,3000 r/min离心15 min,吸取血清后置于-20℃冰箱中保存待测,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,
ELISA)测定IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和PCT水平,应用胶乳增强免疫比浊法测定C反应蛋白(CRP)的水平,应用血细胞分析仪测定平均血小板容积(mean platelet volume,MPV),人IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和PCT酶联免疫试剂盒购于武汉优尔生商贸有限公司,CRP测定试剂盒购于南京建成生物工程研究所,操作均严格按照说明书进行。
1.3统计学方法
使用SAS 9.4統计学软件对所有数据进行统计学分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验;计数资料以率表示,采用χ2检验,采用Logistic回归分析未足月胎膜早破发生的影响因素,并采用森林图显示各个指标效应大小,以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组一般临床资料的比较
两组的孕次、孕龄、年龄及身高体重指数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2两组外周血相关指标的比较
与对照组比较,研究组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CRP、MVP和PCT均显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。
2.3未足月胎膜早破的多因素分析
多因素回归分析结果显示,外周血IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CRP、MVP及PCT的水平与未足月胎膜早破的发生有显著相关性(P<0.05)(表3、图1)。
3讨论
胎膜由羊膜和绒毛膜组成,完整的胎膜可阻止阴道微生物的入侵,保护母体和胎儿的生命安全,胎膜早破是指孕妇在没有正式进入产程前,即出现胎膜破裂,是常见的妊娠期并发症[7-8],其中发生在妊娠37周之前定义为未足月胎膜早破,临床上导致胎膜早破的因素较多,最重要的是感染,且未足月胎膜早破与感染互为因果,感染可促进前列腺素的释放,继而诱发早产,还可减少胎膜的韧性[9-10],此外,细胞凋亡、胎膜的胶原蛋白失衡、自身结构改变均可能导致孕妇出现胎膜早破。临床上胎膜早破若处理不当,可能出现早产、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症(NRDS)、羊膜腔感染、胎儿窘迫、胎盘早剥等不良妊娠预后,因此找寻出相关指标以避免PPROM的发生是临床研究的热点[11-12]。在新生儿重症监护病房,降钙素原和CRP是应用最为广泛的炎性标志物,降钙素原由116个氨基酸残基组成,分子质量为13 KD,其水平不受机体内的激素水平影响,主要由肝细胞和单核细胞产生,降钙素原的水平可反映出全身炎性反应的活跃程度,其水平与炎
症程度成正相关[13-14],降钙素原还可预测妊娠女性早期羊膜腔内的感染,具有较高的特异性和敏感性,是机体内重要的炎性因子,可刺激肝细胞产生CRP等炎症因子,研究表明IL-6可通过刺激前列腺素释放参与未足月胎膜早破的发生[15-16]。血清CRP是反映机体各种感染与非感染性炎性反应的敏感性指标之一[17-18],IL-8是一种趋化性的细胞因子,其可促进炎症细胞趋化,诱发机体出现炎症反应,平均血小板体积是反映活化血小板数量和血小板功能的指标之一[19],本研究结果显示,相比于健康孕妇,PPROM孕妇的IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CRP、MVP和PCT均显著升高(P<0.05),与既往临床研究相符[20]。此外,多因素回归分析结果也显示,外周血IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CRP、MVP及PCT的水平与未足月胎膜早破的发生具有显著相关性。
综上所述,外周血IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CRP、MVP和PCT可用于预测未足月胎膜早破的风险,具有一定的临床诊断价值。
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