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专利名称：Production of alpha-chloro,
betahydroxynitriles
发明人：TUERCK KARL HEINRICH
WALTER,LICHTENSTEIN HANS JOACHIM
申请号：US51954044申请日：19440124公开号：US23944A公开日：19460212
摘要：a -Chloro-b -hydroxy nitriles are prepared by reacting an aqueous solution of ana -b -unsaturated nitrile containing not more than four carbon atoms in the molecule withchlorine or hypochlorous acid at a temperature between 0 DEG C. and 30 DEG C.,preferably 10-20 DEG C., whilst the concentration of the unsaturated nitrile in thesolution is maintained at or below the solubility value at the reaction temperature,whereby the whole of the nitrile remains in solution throughout the reaction period. Amixture of water and a water-soluble alcohol or ketone, e.g. acetone, may also be usedas the solvent, the mixture containing preferably at least 50 per cent water. Thehydrochloric acid set free in the reaction may be neutralized, if desired, by addingneutralizing agents such as alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, or saltsof weak acids; alternatively an excess of calcium carbonate may be added at or near thecommencement of the reaction. The aqueous solution should not be alkaline. Additionala -b -unsaturated nitrile may be added during the reaction, continuously or
intermittently, so long as the solubility limit is not exceeded. The a -chloro-b -hydroxynitrile is extracted by a solvent such as ether, ethyl acetate or a water-immiscible alcohol.
U.S.A. Specification 2,231,360 is referred to. In examples: (1) acrylonitrile in aqueoussolution is treated with chlorine at 18 DEG C., and the resultant a -chloro-b -hydroxypropio nitrile extracted with ether; (2) crotonitrile is treated likewise to yield a -chloro-b -hydroxy butyro nitrile.
申请人：THE DISTILLERS COMPANY LIMITED
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