如何找回git 中丢失的提交
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-23 04:15
共1个回答
热心网友
时间：2023-07-16 11:51
我们先创建一个用以实验的仓库，在里面创建了若干个提交和分支。
BTW：你可以直接把下面的命令复制到shell里执行。
mkdir
recovery;cd recovery
git init
touch file
git add file
git commit -m
"First commit"
echo "Hello World" > file
git add .
git commit -m
"Greetings"
git branch cool_branch
git checkout cool_branch
echo "What
up world?" > cool_file
git add .
git commit -m "Now that was
cool"
git checkout master
echo "What does that mean?" >>
file
恢复已删除分支提交
现在repo里有两个branch
$ git
branch
cool_branch
* master
存储当前仓库未提交的改动
$ git stash save
"temp save"
Saved working directory and index state On master: temp
save
HEAD is now at e3c9b6b Greetings
删除一个分支
$ git branch -D
cool_branch
Deleted branch cool_branch (was 2e43cd5).
$ git
branch
* master
用git fsck --lost-found命令找出刚才删除的分支里面的提交对象。
$git
fsck --lost-found
dangling commit
2e43cd56ee4fb086cd843cd32836b54fbf594a
用git
show命令查看一个找到的对象的内容，看是否为我们所找的。
git show
2e43cd56ee4fb086cd843cd32836b54fbf594a
commit
2e43cd56ee4fb086cd843cd32836b54fbf594a
Author: liuhui
<liuhui998[#]gmail.com>
Date: Sat Oct 23 12:53:50 2010
+0800
Now that was cool
diff --git a/cool_file
b/cool_file
new file mode 1004
index 0000000..79c2b
---
/dev/null
+++ b/cool_file
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+What up
world?
这个提交对象确实是我们在前面删除的分支的内容；下面我们就要考虑一下要如何来恢复它了。
使用git
rebase 进行恢复
$git rebase 2e43cd56ee4fb086cd843cd32836b54fbf594a
First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...
Fast-forwarded
master to 2e43cd56ee4fb086cd843cd32836b54fbf594a.
现在我们用git
log命令看一下，看看它有没有恢复:
$ git log
commit
2e43cd56ee4fb086cd843cd32836b54fbf594a
Author: liuhui
<liuhui998[#]gmail.com>
Date: Sat Oct 23 12:53:50 2010
+0800
Now that was cool
commit
e3c9b6b967e6e8c762b500202b146f514af2cb05
Author: liuhui
<liuhui998[#]gmail.com>
Date: Sat Oct 23 12:53:50 2010
+0800
Greetings
commit
5e90516a4a369be01b54323eb8b26605450517
Author: liuhui
<liuhui998[#]gmail.com>
Date: Sat Oct 23 12:53:50 2010
+0800
First commit
提交是找回来，但是分支没有办法找回来：
liuhui@liuhui:~/work/test/git/recovery$ git branch
* master
使用git
merge 进行恢复
我们把刚才的恢复的提交删除
$ git reset --hard HEAD^
HEAD is
now at e3c9b6b Greetings
再把刚删的提交给找回来：
git fsck
--lost-found
dangling commit
2e43cd56ee4fb086cd843cd32836b54fbf594a
不过这回我们用是合并命令进行恢复：
$ git
merge 2e43cd56ee4fb086cd843cd32836b54fbf594a
Updating
e3c9b6b..2e43cd5
Fast-forward
cool_file | 1 +
1 files changed,
1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 1004 cool_file
git
stash的恢复
前面我们用git
stash把没有提交的内容进行了存储，如果这个存储不小心删了怎么办呢？
当前repo里有的存储：
$ git stash
list
stash@{0}: On master: temp save
把它们清空：
$git stash
clear
liuhui@liuhui:~/work/test/git/recovery$ git stash list
再用git
fsck –lost-found找回来：
$git fsck –lost-found
dangling commit
674c0618ca7d0c251902f0953987ff71860cb067
用git
show看一下回来的内容对不对：
$git show
674c0618ca7d0c251902f0953987ff71860cb067
commit
674c0618ca7d0c251902f0953987ff71860cb067
Merge: e3c9b6b 2b2b41e
Author:
liuhui <liuhui998[#]gmail.com>
Date: Sat Oct 23 13:44:49 2010
+0800
On master: temp save
diff --cc file
index
557db03,557db03..f2a8bf3
--- a/file
+++ b/file
@@@ -1,1 -1,1 +1,2
@@@
Hello World
++What does that
mean?
看起来没有问题，好的，那么我就把它恢复了吧：
$ git merge
674c0618ca7d0c251902f0953987ff71860cb067
Merge made by recursive.
file
| 1 +
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0
deletions(-)
备注
这篇文章主要内容来自这里：The illustrated guide to recovering
lost commits with Git,我做了一些整理的工作。
如果对于文中的一些命令不熟，可以参考Git Community
Book中文版
其实这里最重要的一个命令就是：git fsck
–lost-found，因为git中把commit删了后，并不是真正的删除，而是变成了悬空对象（dangling
commit）。我们只要把把这悬空对象（dangling commit）找出来，用git rebase也好，用git
merge也行就能把它们给恢复。
